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The Theory of Evolution The theory of evolution is founded on the fact certain traits are transmitted more frequently than others. These characteristics make it easier for individuals to survive and reproduce which is why they tend to increase in number over time. Scientists understand now how this process operates. For example, a study of the clawed frog showed that duplicate genes can result in different functions. Evolution is an organic process Natural selection is the process that results in organisms changing to be better at adapting to the environment they live in. It is one of the major mechanisms of evolution, along with mutations, migrations, and genetic drift. Those with traits that facilitate survival and reproduction are more likely to pass these traits on to their children, which results in gradual changes in the frequency of genes over time. This leads to new species being created and existing ones being transformed. In the early 19th century, Charles Darwin formulated a scientific theory that explained how biological organisms evolved over time. The theory is based on the notion that more offspring than can be able to survive are born and these offspring fight for resources in their surroundings. This creates an “struggle for survival” in which those with the most advantageous traits win while others are eliminated. The remaining offspring pass on the genes for these beneficial traits to their offspring which in turn gives them an advantage over other members of the same species. As time passes, the number of organisms that have these traits increases. It is, however, difficult to comprehend how natural selection can create new characteristics if its main purpose is to eliminate unfit individuals. Additionally, the majority of types of natural selection eliminate genetic variation within populations. Therefore, it is unlikely that natural selection will produce the emergence of new traits unless other forces are at work. Genetic drift, mutation, and migration are the major evolutionary forces that change the frequency of genes and result in evolution. These processes are accelerated by sexual reproduction and the fact that each parent transmits half of its genes to offspring. These genes are referred to as alleles, and they may have different frequencies among individuals belonging to the same species. The allele frequencies determine if a trait is dominant or recessive. A mutation is simply an alteration in the DNA code of an organism. The mutation causes some cells to expand and grow into a distinct organism, while others don't. Mutations can also increase the frequency of existing alleles, or create new alleles. The new alleles will be passed on to subsequent generations, and then become the dominant phenotype. Evolution is built on natural selection Natural selection is a straightforward mechanism that causes populations of living things to change over time. It is a result of the interaction between heritable phenotypic variation and the possibility of differential reproduction. These factors lead to an environment where people who have beneficial characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than those with no beneficial traits. This process eventually leads to a reshaping the gene pool so that it is more closely aligned to the environment in which individuals reside. This is the premise behind Darwin's “survival of the most fittest.” This process is based on the notion that different traits allow individuals to adapt to their environments. The traits that are adaptive increase the chances of individuals to live and reproduce, as well as produce a lot of offspring. BioMed Central states that this will eventually lead to the trait spread throughout the population. At some point everyone in the population will be affected and the population will change. This is referred to as evolution. People who have less adaptive traits will die or be unable to produce offspring and their genes won't survive into the next generation. Over time, genetically modified organisms are more likely to take over the population. They may also develop into new species. But, this isn't an absolute process. The environment may change abruptly and make the changes obsolete. Another factor that may affect the course of evolution is sexual selection, which is where certain traits are chosen because they improve an individual's chance of mating with others. This can lead to bizarre phenotypes, such as brightly colored plumage on birds or oversized antlers on deer. These phenotypes may not be beneficial to the organism, but they can boost the chances of survival and reproduction. Another reason that some students do not understand natural selection is that they mistake it for soft inheritance. Although soft inheritance isn't an essential condition for evolution, it is often a key component of it. This is because it allows for random modifications of DNA and the creation new genetic variants which are not immediately useful to an organism. These mutations then become the basis on which natural selection takes action. Genetics is the base of evolution Evolution is the natural process by which the traits of a species change over time. It is influenced by various factors, such as mutation or gene flow, as well as horizontal gene transfers. click through the next webpage of alleles within a population can also affect the development. This allows for the selection of an advantage in a new environment. The theory of evolutionary change is a fundamental concept in biology and has profound implications on our understanding of life. Darwin's ideas, together with Linnaeus notions of relation and Lamarck theories of inheritance changed the way that traits are passed on from parent to child. Darwin suggested that parents passed on traits that they inherited by their choice or inability to use them, but they were also either favored or disfavored by the environment they lived in and passed the information to their offspring. He called this natural selection and in his book The Origin of Species he explained how this might lead to the evolution of new species of species. Genetic changes, or mutations, occur randomly in the DNA of cells. These mutations cause a wide range of phenotypic characteristics, including hair color and eye color. They are also affected by environmental factors. Certain phenotypic traits can be controlled by multiple genes and some have more than two alleles, for instance, blood type (A B, A, or O). The combination of the Darwinian theories of evolution with Mendel's ideas about genetics is referred to as the Modern Synthesis, and it is the framework that combines macroevolutionary changes in the fossil record with microevolutionary processes like genetic mutation and trait selection. Macroevolution is a process that is extremely long and is only visible in fossil records. Microevolution, on the other hand is a process which is much more rapid and can be observed in living organisms. Microevolution is a process that is driven by genetic selection and mutation which are smaller scales than macroevolution. It can also be enhanced by other mechanisms such as gene flow, or horizontal gene transfer. Evolution is based upon chance The fact that evolution happens through chance is a claim that has been used for decades by anti-evolutionists. This argument is not true and it's crucial to understand the reason. For one thing, the argument conflates randomness and contingency. This mistake is the result of an incorrect understanding of the nature of biological contingency as described by Stephen Jay Gould. He believed that the expansion of genetic information is not only random, but dependent on events that have occurred before. He relied on the fact that DNA is an exact copy of genes, which depend on other molecules. In other words, there is a causal order behind all biological processes. The argument is also flawed because of its reliance on the laws of physics and the practice of science. These statements are not only not logically sound, but also false. Furthermore, the practice of science relies on a causal determinism that is not strict enough to determine all natural events. Brendan Sweetman's book aims to provide a balanced and accessible introduction to the relationship between evolutionary theory to Christian theology. He is a patient, rather than a flamboyant writer and this is in keeping with his goals, which include separating the scientific status of evolutionary theory from its religious implications, and developing the ability to consider the implications of an issue that is controversial. Although the book isn't quite as thorough as it could be however, it provides a useful overview of the issues involved in this debate. It also makes clear that the theories of evolution are well-proven, widely accepted and suitable for rational approval. However, the book is less than persuasive on the issue of whether God plays any part in evolution. Trading Pokemon with other trainers is an excellent way to save Candy and time. Trading Pokemon with other players can cut down the cost of evolving certain Pokemon by using the traditional method. This is especially beneficial for high-level Pokemon, which require plenty of Candy to develop.